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Importantly, our findings contrast with earlier hypotheses that CM use among FSWs may facilitate enhanced sexual risks, with no statistically significant associations observed between CM use and number of clients, or unprotected sex with clients or non-commercial partners among FSWs. Ships from and sold by MovieMars. Alexa Actionable Analytics for the Web.

Further, though the results did not remain significant in Prostitutes Crystal analyses, FSWs who use CM in our study were marginally less likely to smoke crack cocaine suggesting a potential shift in stimulant use may be emerging in this population.

Qualitative research studies among heroin and cocaine-using couples have demonstrated how drug user's sexual relationships can act as key sites of risk management that directly modify individual drug use Prostitutes Crystal and facilitate positive social norms [ Rhodes et al. Specifically, the overtly gendered collusion among Prostitutes Crystal partnerships to procure and use drugs was shown to reinforce and produce interpersonal risks, as well as protective mechanisms Simmons and Singer, Among male-female intimate partners, drug involvement has been previously found to be directly associated with male psychological dominance, increased physical and Prostitutes Crystal violence and concomitant sexual HIV risks El-Bassel et al.

Evidence also suggests that female IDUs tend to have Prostitutes Crystal overlap in their sexual and drug use networks relative to their male counterparts [ Sherman et al.

These findings underscore the need to scale up gender-sensitive and couple-focused harm reduction and treatment interventions, recognizing the nuanced importance of drug-using sexual partnerships in both maintaining risky and preventative practices. Additionally, given that the majority of FSWs who use methamphetamine in this study were poly users of Prostitutes Crystal injection, interventions will need to account for dual opiate Prostitutes Crystal in shaping risk patterns and environments.

Evidence among methamphetamine-using MSM has shown CM to most be frequently used in Prostitutes Crystal with other drugs Patterson et al. Poly-drug use has been shown Prostitutes Crystal drastically elevate the potential for drug toxicity and overdose mortality, as well as transient immune suppression Prostitutes Crystal et al.

The established components of this social equation of risk have been postulated to include proximal vulnerability to established stimulant drug use patterns; social dislocation due to economic disparities, migration or poverty; an available supply and locally produced or manufactured drug; and geographic proximity to drug use environment Case et al. Of particular importance, our findings suggest that CM use is closely linked to street-based sex work in marginalized public spaces, suggesting social Prostitutes Crystal and features of Prostitutes Crystal physical and social environment may shape access and availability of CM use or specific social networks and socio-spatial patterns of CM use.

While further Prostitutes Crystal is needed of the contexts of space that may shape CM patterns among FSWs, their partners and clients, these findings point to the critical need for policies and interventions that modify the risk environment Rhodes, and ensure safer sex work spaces Prostitutes Crystal proximity to harm reduction and treatment resources. While CM use in our study was not associated with specific sexual risk patterns, the use of CM by FSWs in more marginalized public spaces may point to potential pathways to sexual risk.

For example, we have previously observed elevated rates of coercive unprotected sex by clients among street-based FSWs displaced to working in industrial settings Shannon et al. As such, structural interventions that mitigate the risk environment of street-based sex work such as safer Prostitutes Crystal work sites and scaled up mobile outreach interventions to Prostitutes Crystal and isolated spaces may help to neutralize the gendered nature of drug acquisition and co-dependence in these sexual partnerships.

Prostitutes Crystal and limitations: the self-reported nature of responses may have been subject to social desirability biases that could have underestimated risky sexual and drug Prostitutes Crystal practices and attenuated results towards the null. Secondly, the observational nature of this research precludes determining causality, although the longitudinal analyses using GEE may account for the impact of repeated measures and temporal bias.

Thirdly, Prostitutes Crystal relatively small sample size may have diluted our ability to Prostitutes Crystal associations, such as the association between methamphetamine use and younger age. Finally, our results may not be generalizable to FSWs working in indoor Prostitutes Crystal, such as massage parlours or escort agencies.

In summary, our findings suggest the potential Prostitutes Crystal an emerging CM epidemic among street-based FSWs and their non-commercial partners with the that the greatest concentration of harms among FSWs working and living in marginalized public spaces.

As such, this research highlights the critical importance of safer environment interventions that mediate the risk environment and context of CM use in reducing harms, including gender-sensitive and couple-focused interventions that tailored to FSWs and their intimate drug-using partners. National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. Drug Alcohol Prostitutes Crystal. Author manuscript; available in PMC Jul 9. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer.

Copyright notice. The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Drug Alcohol Depend. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Abstract Given growing concern of the sexual risks associated with crystal methamphetamine use and the dearth of research characterizing the use of methamphetamine among street-based sex workers FSWsthis study aimed to characterize the prevalence and individual, social, and structural contexts of crystal methamphetamine use among Prostitutes Crystal in a Canadian setting.

The Connection Between Prostitution and Crystal Meth Addiction - Michael's House Treatment Centers

Keywords: methamphetamine use, gender inequities, street-based sex workers, risk environment, safer environment interventions. Study population and sampling Data are drawn from a community-based Prostitutes Crystal prevention research partnership that has been described in detail elsewhere Shannon et al. Measures Since we had repeated measures available over a two-year period, we analyzed data longitudinally. Prostitutes Crystal analyses Analyses included FSWs who completed baseline and at Prostitutes Crystal one follow-up visit over the two-year period.

Table 1 Individual, interpersonal and contextual characteristics of street-based FSWs, stratified by crystal methamphetamine use over two-year follow-up. Open in a separate window.

Fisher's exact test was used to compare proportions if one or more counts was less than or equal to five. Footnotes Contributors: KS had full access to the data, conceptualized Prostitutes Crystal paper and analyses, wrote the initial draft, and was responsible for integrating all co-authors feedback.

RZ conducted the statistical analyses. All authors provided feedback on the manuscript and approved the final version. Methamphetamine use linked to rising HIV transmission. Trends in production, Prostitutes Crystal and consumption of methamphetamine and cocaine in Mexico. Use Misuse. Prostitutes Crystal burden and management of crystal meth use. At the borders, on the edge: use of injected methamphetamine in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Women with methamphetamine dependence: research on etiology and treatment.

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A qualitative exploration of gender in the Prostitutes Crystal of injection drug use in two US—Mexico border cities. AIDS Behav. Gender differences in methamphetamine use and responses: a review.

Crystal methamphetamine use associated with non-fatal overdose among a cohort of Prostitutes Crystal drug users in Vancouver. Public Health.

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Predictors of sharing drugs among injection drug users in the South Bronx: implications for HIV transmission. Injecting shared drugs: an observational study of the process of drug acquisition, preparation, and injection by Puerto Rican drug users. Syringe-mediated sharing among injecting drug users: Patterns, social context and implications Prostitutes Crystal transmission of blood-borne pathogens.

AIDS Care. Understanding polydrug use: review of heroin and cocaine co-use. Prostitutes Crystal and injection risk among women who inject methamphetamine in San Francisco. Urban Health. Correlates of sex trading among drug-using men who have sex Prostitutes Crystal men.

Methamphetamine- using HIV-positive men who have sex with men: correlates of polydrug use. Drug Policy. Female methamphetamine users: social characteristics and sexual risk behavior. Women Health. A comparision of injection and non-injection methamphetamine-using HIV positive ment who have sex with men. Community-based HIV prevention research Prostitutes Crystal substance-using women in survival sex work: the maka project. Sold by: MovieMars. Sealed item. Like NEW. See more.

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